Artichoke Leaves Water Extract Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Regulates Lipid Profile in Rats Fed High Fat Diet

High fat diet induces excessive body fat storing by increasing mass of adipose tissue which leads to lipid profileabnormalities. Artichoke is a plant that traditionally used for treatment of various diseases. This research aimed to study therole of supplementing low or high doses of water extract of artichoke leaves in rats fed HFD. In this regard, four rat groupswere established as follows: control group, high fat diet group, Low dose artichoke+ HFD group (600 mg /kg b.w/day) afterthree weeks following obesity induction, and high dose artichoke +HFD group (1500 mg /kg b.w /day). Body weight gain,serum lipid parameters, liver enzymes, antioxidant status, lipoprotein lipase gene expression and histology of adipose tissueand liver were examined. Results showed that HFD increased body weight, lipid parameters and causes abnormal liverenzyme levels along with disturbance of antioxidant status, fat droplets accumulation and enlargement of adipose tissues.These parameters were counteracted by supplementing either low or high dose of artichoke extract, showing the mitigatingeffect of artichoke against HFD side effects. It was revealed that the hypolipodemic and hepatoprotective effects were moreobservable in low dose of extract than that of high dose.

Artichoke edible parts are hepatoprotective as commercial leaf preparation

ABSTRACT Chemical profile analyses of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae) edible parts (fleshy receptacle, inner bracts) as well as roots are compared with the commercially usable leaf extract using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS via chlorogenicacid as a marker. Overall polyphenolic constituents demonstrated by means of LC/MS profiling. The nutritional values and inulin contents of different assessed parts were investigated. The present study was designed to determine the effect of artichoke: leaves, bracts, receptacles and roots alcoholic extracts against CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity and hyperlipidemia in rats by means of histopathological and biochemical parameters. Serum liver enzymes levels of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and lipid peroxidase content (malondialdehyde MDA) were estimated. Blood glutathione, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides and high density lipid level were estimated in plasma. The ethanol extract of roots, leaves, bracts and receptacles were standardized to (0.82 ± 0.02, 1.6 ± 0.06, 2.02 ± 0.16 and 2.4 ± 0.27 mg chlorogenic acid/100 mg extract), respectively. The receptacle showed the highest content of polyphenols and exhibits the highest antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis of inulin in the receptacles of globe artichoke revealed high content of inulin (41.47 mg/g) dry extract. All artichoke parts contain comparable vitamins and minerals. Artichokes receptacles extract when taken in dose of (500 mg/kg/day) reduce the lesion caused by CCl4 alone more than groups receiving silymarin. Bracts and leaves extract exert nearly the same effect.

Clinical role of dietary thiamine on regulation of renal response to metabolic acidosis in adult rats / Papel clínico de tiamina na dieta sobre a regulação da resposta renal de acidose metabólica em ratos adultos

Kidney plays a central role in maintaining the composition of body fluids by regulating water, NaCl, acid base, and solute reabsorption and excretion, respectively. The study was done to investigate the physiological role of thiamine in regulation of renal response to metabolic acidosis induced by NH4Cl in adult male rats. For this experiment, fifty rats were used. They were divided into five groups. Control rats received basal diet; rats fed on basal diet mixed with NH4Cl (4g NH4Cl/100g diet) to induce severe metabolic acidosis, rats fed on basal supplemented diet with thiamine (600 mg/kg diet), and rats fed on basal supplemented diet with thiamine before and after induction of metabolic acidosis by NH4Cl for 14 days. The results showed that the plasma levels of chloride, urea, and creatinine were significantly elevated in metabolic acidosis induced by NH4Cl. Thiamine supplementation at high dose before or after induction improved the chloride values. Feeding diets supplemented with thiamine modulated the plasma sodium and bicarbonate values. Supplementation with vitamin B1 as preventive agent significantly restored these changes to near control value and when used as curative agent improved plasma creatinine and urea levels. Urinary pH and potassium levels were decreased significantly in metabolic acidotic rats when compared to all experimental groups. Urinary ammonia and aldosterone levels were decreased by thiamine supplementation as protective agent. Supplementation with vitamin B1 as preventive and curative agents, restored the affected parameters and regulate the response of kidney to metabolic acidosis induced by ammonium chloride.

O rim desempenha um papel central na manutenção da composição de fluidos corporais através do controlo de água, NaCl, ácido-base, e reabsorção do soluto e excreção, respectivamente. O estudo foi realizado para investigar o papel fisiológico de tiamina na regulação da resposta renal à acidose metabólica induzida por NH4Cl em ratos machos adultos. Para esta experiência, foram utilizados cinquenta ratos. Eles foram divididos em cinco grupos. Os ratos de controlo receberam dieta basal; os ratos alimentados com dieta basal misturado com NH 4 Cl (4 g NH 4 Cl / 100 g de dieta) para induzir uma grande taxa de acidose metabólica , os ratos alimentados com dieta suplementada basal com tiamina (600 mg / kg de ração), e ratos alimentados com dieta suplementada basal com tiamina antes e após a indução de acidose metabólica por NH4Cl durante 14 dias. Os resultados mostraram que os níveis plasmáticos de cloreto, ureia e creatinina foram significativamente elevados em acidose metabólica induzida por NH4Cl. A suplementação de tiamina em doses elevadas antes ou após a indução aumentou os valores de cloreto. O fornecimento de dietas suplementadas com valores de tiamina modulado o sódio plasmático e bicarbonato. A suplementação com vitamina B1 como agente preventivo restaurou significativamente estas alterações para aproximar o valor de controle e, quando utilizado como agente curativo melhorou os níveis de creatinina e uréia plasmática. Os níveis de pH e de potássio na urina foram reduzidos significativamente em ratos acidóticos metabólicos, quando comparado com todos os grupos experimentais. os níveis de amônia e de aldosterona urinário foram reduzidos pela suplementação de tiamina como agente de proteção. A suplementação com vitamina B1 como agentes preventivos e curativos, restaurou os parâmetros afetados e regulou a resposta do rim a acidose metabólica induzida por cloreto de amónio.